Celebrations And Fear In Syria As Russia Begins Air Strikes Against ISIS
On the streets of Latakia there were celebrations. In Hama and Homs, there was panic. All knew that the moment would come when Russian jets joined the war, dropping their bombs far from Islamic State (Isis) forces.
As news spread of the Russian airstrikes that reportedly killed more than 60 people in three restive areas of central and north-western Syria on Wednesday, opposition groups went into hiding.
In the regime stronghold of Latakia, residents draw no distinction between the jihadi group, which Vladimir Putin said his forces would target, or other opposition groups that have battled the Syrian
president, Bashar al-Assad, for the past four years.
“They’re all terrorists,” said Saleh al-Tartousi, an import contractor based in Latakia. “They should not be spared mercy.”
Elsewhere in the city, opposition members said the targets proved Moscow had no intention of confining its attacks to Isis, despite its earlier claims, and that it saw non-jihadi rebel units as an even bigger threat to the regime’s survival.
“I am living in an area under the regime’s control,” said Latakia resident Abu Mohammed, 27, a supporter of forces trying to oust Assad. “And I can tell you they are very happy about what is happening. They feel proud of all of the bombing and the killing [of] the civilians. The regime hates us more than Isis. They consider us the real enemy.
“No one can leave the areas that have been bombed,” he added. “These people have nowhere to go. If they leave the [targeted] towns, they will be arrested at regime checkpoints immediately. Everybody has decided to run and hide in different homes. They are trapped like rats in a hole.”
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In nearby Hama, one group targeted in the strikes, Tajammu al-Izzah, is considered to be an important member of the Free Syrian army (FSA) in the area. It was one of the few in Syria to have received anti-tank rockets and had regularly used them against Syrian tanks and armoured vehicles across central Syria.
The group posted videos on the internet of the aftermath of the strikes, which struck its base in the foothills of Hama. Tajammu al-Izzah is thought to be one of a small number of opposition groups to have been vetted by US military officials in Turkey.
A Hama local, who identified himself as Muhannad, 25, said on Wednesday night: “The airstrikes aren’t stopping. We have lost count of them. I can tell it is the Russians. They are faster and the sound of the bombs are different from those of the regime. They have bombed Talbiseh, al-Mukarama, Reef Homs al-shamali. All of these areas are mainly under FSA control. We don’t have here any Isis but we have a small number of al-Nusra. We expected this to happen but there is no place to flee to.”
Bombs also struck Syria’s third city, Homs, where opposition groups have proved difficult to dislodge throughout the war. Osama Abu Zeid, a journalist based in the city, said: “Today, it is the moderate Syrian opposition that was targeted and a lot of civilian areas, and most of the martyrs and wounded are civilians.
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“The reaction of the civilians in these areas is the loss of faith in America and the policies of Obama and Putin. Everybody is talking about a de facto US-Russian-Assad alliance against the Syrian people. These issues will increase terrorism, not reduce it.
“When civilians see Russian aircraft bombing safe areas with American blessing under the guise of war against terrorism, what can we expect from them? The creation and growth of terrorist cells that want revenge for their dead children and mothers.”
Abu Zeid said opposition factions had ousted Isis members from northern Homs six months ago. The fighting claimed dozens of lives among the myriad opposition groups.
Tamer, 27, from Latakia, said the airstrikes had come a day after many men in north-western Syria were ordered to join the military.
“So far there have been 10 airstrikes in Latakia and planes are flying intensively over the Hama countryside. We know that the Russians said they are here to attack Isis but we knew they would attack the opposition. There is no Isis in [this part of] Syria. These areas have groups from the well-trained FSA, Ahrar al-Sham and small groups of Jabhat al-Nusra.”
Another Latakia local, who identified herself as Dima, believed Russia was not there to fight terrorism but to help the regime and its interests.
“People with the regime have no mercy for Sunnis. If they are living on the side of the FSA and want to leave, they won’t let them. They don’t want anyone to leave alive.”
US accuses Russia of 'throwing gasoline on fire' of Syrian civil war
Washington has accused Moscow of throwing “gasoline on the fire” of the Syrian civil war, rejecting Russia’s claims that its first airstrikes in the war-torn country had targeted Islamic State terrorists.
In a dramatic escalation of the conflict in Syria, Russia launched a series of airstrikes on Wednesday that it said were aimed at Isis terrorists but which mainly appeared to hit less extreme groups fighting Bashar al-Assad’s regime.
The Russian gambit – the first time the country has launched major military action outside the borders of the former Soviet Union since the end of the cold war – came two days after the Russian president, Vladimir Putin, spoke to the UN and called for an international coalition against terrorism to fight Isis.
Multiple reports from the ground, however, suggested the Russian airstrikes on Wednesday had targeted groups linked to the Free Syrian Army, the main opposition to Assad. A resident of Talbiseh in Homs said two airstrikes primarily hit residential areas of the town, killing about 20 people.
Ashton Carter, the US defence chief, said his understanding was also that the Russian strikes “were in areas where there were probably not Isil forces,” the closest that any US official went on Wednesday to declaring that Moscow – instead of attacking Isis – had attacked the enemies of Assad.
The veneer of cooperation that the US president, Barack Obama, and Putin had sought to establish at the UN this week was pierced.
“Russia states an intent to fight Isil on the one hand, and to support the Bashar al-Assad regime on the other. Fighting Isil without pursuing a parallel political transition only risks escalating the civil war in Syria – and with it, the very extremism and instability that Moscow claims to be concerned about and aspire to fighting,” said Carter at an impromptu press conference. “So that approach is tantamount … to pouring gasoline on the fire.”
Carter stopped short of demanding an end to the airstrikes, suggesting it was not too late for Russia to change its position.
Speaking outside Moscow on Wednesday, Putin said Russia would not “plunge head-first” into the conflict but would provide temporary air support for a Syrian army offensive.
Russia’s defence ministry confirmed airstrikes had taken place, claiming the targets were military and communication equipment “belonging to the terrorists of Isis”.
A day after the Pentagon announced that Carter was establishing a communications channel with his Russian counterpart, Sergei Shoygu, to “deconflict” any overlapping airstrikes, Russian officials told US diplomats in Baghdad that the Americans should avoid Syrian airspace during a Russian operation of uncertain duration. US officials rejected the demand.
A US defence official said: “While we would welcome a constructive role by Russia in this effort [to deconflict strikes], today’s demarche hardly seems indicative of that sort of role and will in no way alter our operations.”
He added that the strikes underscored the need for “meaningful deconfliction discussions very soon”.
Later on Wednesday, the US secretary of state, John Kerry, and his Russian counterpart Sergei Lavrov met and announced they were launching a new diplomatic initiative in the search for a political solution in Syria, perhaps meeting as soon as Thursday to discuss deconfliction.
Russian airstrikes in Syria are unlikely to have hit Isis targets, said Ashton Carter.
They conceded that the two countries remained far apart on important issues, such as the future of Assad, but said they had agreed on some smaller confidence-building steps that might build momentum for broader progress.
Neither man, however, said what those steps would be. Both said they had first to be checked with their respective capitals.
“We also agreed that it is imperative to find a solution to this conflict and to avoid escalating it in any way and see it intensify by forces beyond anybody’s control,” said Kerry.
Syrian rebels and opposition media outlets claimed that Russian aircraft carried out strikes in the central provinces of Homs and Hama that allegedly killed at least 24 people.
Activists in Hama said Russian fighter jets targeted the town of Lataminah, north of the city. Homs Media Centre, a pro-opposition media outlet, identified 22 individuals killed in what was described as Russian strikes in the town of Talbiseh, in the north of the province. It was not immediately possible to verify the claims.
Other video footage from Hama showed warplanes that the opposition said were Russian jets, but which were difficult to identify positively from a distance.
A commander with a Syrian rebel group known as Tajammu al-Izzah, which operates in northern Hama and claims allegiance to the Free Syrian Army, said his organisation’s base in the foothills of Hama had been targeted by Russian warplanes.
The group was one of the few in Syria to have received anti-tank rockets and had regularly used them against Syrian armour. Tajammu al-Izzah is thought to be one of a small number of opposition groups to have been vetted by US defence teams in Turkey.
David Cameron says Russian airstrikes in Syria would be a good thing, as long as they do not target the Free Syrian Army.
If confirmed, these attacks are an indication that Russia’s campaign in Syria will be more expansive and will target opposition fighters battling to topple the Assad regime, rather than focusing on Isis. Putin has repeatedly cast Assad as part of the solution rather than part of the problem in Syria.
The US official did not provide confirmation of the Russian targets, but said the Russians had indicated, through a communication delivered to the US embassy in Baghdad, that Wednesday’s strikes inaugurated a Russian air campaign, not a one-off bombing run – the fruit of an aggressive Russian buildup centred on the airbase in Latakia that has prompted intrigue and concern in the west as to Russia’s goals.
“The US-led coalition will continue to fly missions over Iraq and Syria as planned and in support of our international mission to degrade and destroy Isil,” the defence official said.
The apparent geography of the strikes raises doubts that US and Russian pilots would in fact risk a confrontation, however. The early reports from the anti-Assad activists in Hama and Homs suggest the strikes occurred further west than the US has ever bombed, deep into territory where the Assad regime still maintains a tenuous hold, and probably within range of its air defences. The US has tended not to strike territory where Isis and Assad actively vie for control.
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David Cameron, currently in Jamaica, said his evaluation of Russia’s move would depend on the targets. “I have a clear view that if this is a part of international action against [Isis], that appalling terrorist death cult outfit, then that is all to the good,” said the British prime minister.
“If, on the other hand, this is action against the Free Syrian Army in support of Assad the dictator, then obviously that is a retrograde step but let us see exactly what has happened.”
Philip Hammond, the British foreign secretary, warned Russia that its military intervention could mean Moscow shares criminal responsibility for the regime’s use of barrel bombs against its own people.
He said Britain was still trying to confirm the targets of the airstrikes, but added: “Now the Russians are very openly and ostentatiously there propping up the regime, they are vulnerable to international pressure. They have a shared responsibility. They may arguably have a legal exposure to this barrel bombing activity. Barrel bombing is criminal. It breaches international humanitarian law.”
Hammond said the impact of the Russian strikes would depend on their targets. “These are the first Russian strikes and the targets will be symbolic. The targets won’t have been selected by accident,” he said shortly before a Russian-chaired session of the UN security council on the issue.
At the session, Lavrov announced that Moscow would circulate a draft resolution to provide a mandate for a multilateral coalition against Isis, “based on international law”.
Russia has made clear that no military action in Syria can be legal without the approval of the Syrian government. The US, UK and France reject the legitimacy of the regime, in view of its role in suspected war crimes, and argue that western airstrikes in Syria are legal under the UN charter because they are a response to Isis sourcing attacks from Syrian territory against an ally, Iraq.
“I would be astonished if anything came out of the meeting,” said Hammond. “I don’t think the security council will be willing to say anything that doesn’t involve a reference to Assad ultimately not being part of the new Syria, and I don’t see the Russians at this stage being able to accept that kind of language.”
The strikes came after Putin received permission from parliament for Russian forces to act on foreign soil. The federation council, Russia’s upper house of parliament, held a swift, closed session on Wednesday morning in which it unanimously approved Putin’s request.
Putin said in New York that Russia would not carry out ground operations in Syria, and his chief of staff, Sergei Ivanov, emphasised this again on Wednesday, saying the request to the federation council referred exclusively to airstrikes.
He did not give any figures of the number of planes likely to be involved or the number of Russian military specialists on the ground inside Syria to back up the operation. He also insisted western bombing raids in Syria were illegal.
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“You all know well that in the territory of Syria and Iraq … a number of countries are carrying out bombing strikes, including the United States,” said Ivanov.
“These actions do not conform with international law. To be legal they should be supported either by a resolution of the UN security council, or be backed by a request from the country where the raids are taking place.”
Ivanov said Assad had asked Russia for military assistance, making Russia’s actions legitimate.
Putin had told the UN the world should come together to fight Isis in the same way as it joined forces to fight Hitler in the second world war, though differences between Russia and the west over the role and fate of Assad have always made it unlikely that a broad coalition will emerge.
Barack Obama and Vladimir Putin give conflicting speeches to the UN general assembly.
Putin spent 90 minutes in a bilateral meeting with Obama after his speech to the UN general assembly, about half of which was spent discussing Syria. The main disagreement was on the future role of Assad.
While Putin has characterised the Syrian president as a heroic fighter against terrorism, Kerry reiterated again on Wednesday that “by definition” Isis could not be defeated while Assad remained in power.
Source: The Guardian UK
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